The project included four tasks:

1. Modelling:
   Modelling of the optimum location of heat exchangers in district heating systems using friction reducing additives.
   
2. Experiments:
   Experiments on the effects of friction reducing additives on sub-stations.
   
3. Evaluation:
   Evaluation of the effects of friction reducing additives on heat exchangers and heat meters of the size used in individual households.
   
4. Information:
   Gathering and dissemination of information on governmental regulations regarding the use of friction reducing additives.

Summary Report:

Advanced Transmission Fluids for District Heating and Cooling
[Summary Report - PDF - 4-pages, 25Kb]

Final Report:

Forword and Summary [Final Report, Summary - PDF - 11-pages, 36Kb]

Modelling of the Location and Requirements for Heat Exchangers in District Heating Networks using Friction Reducion Additives [Final Report, Part A - PDF - 118-pages, 1.8Mb]

The Effect of Surfactants on Domestic Heat Exchangers for Hot-Water Supply and Heat-Flow Meters in District Heating Systems [Final Report, Part B - PDF - 97-pages, 1.1Mb]

Survey of Environmental Restrictions on the use of Additives in District Heating
and Cooling Systems [Final Report, Part C - PDF - 17-pages, 58Kb]

Improving Heat Transmission Properties of Tube Bundle Heat Exchangers
by Installing Obstacles inside the pipes:

Investigations of Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop
[Final Report, Part D1 - PDF - 40-pages, 1.3Mb]